← Return to the Museum

殿 · 護法與民間神

Guardians & Gods of the People

Step across the threshold - History's most loyal generals and honest officials raised to godhood, and the intimate gods of daily life — city, village, hearth. Together they form the living grassroots of the Taoist world.

6 Deities on display

Marshal Wang, Chief Guardian (王靈官)

First Gatekeeper of Every Temple

Marshal Wang, Chief Guardian

王靈官

The fiercest protector of the Taoist faith, instantly recognizable by his third eye and flaming golden whip. His statue stands guard at the entrance of nearly every Taoist temple, testing the sincerity of all who enter.

  • The all-seeing third eye
  • Golden demon-subduing whip
  • Flaming aura

Festival · 23rd day of the 8th lunar month

Guan Di, God of War & Loyalty (關聖帝君)

The Sage of Loyalty

Guan Di, God of War & Loyalty

關聖帝君

The historical general Guan Yu of the Three Kingdoms era, whose loyalty and righteousness were so admired that he was progressively ennobled — by emperors into a god. Police, merchants and martial artists all claim him as patron.

  • Green Dragon Crescent Blade
  • Red face of righteous fury
  • The oath of the Peach Garden

Festival · 13th day of the 5th lunar month

Caishen, God of Wealth (財神 趙公明)

Marshal Zhao of Prosperity

Caishen, God of Wealth

財神 趙公明

Most commonly identified with the marshal Zhao Gongming, keeper of the treasury of heaven. On the fifth day of the New Year, households across China open their doors to welcome him with firecrackers, hoping for an honest and prosperous year.

  • Golden yuanbao ingot
  • Iron whip and black tiger
  • New Year's welcome offerings

Festival · 5th day of the 1st lunar month

Chenghuang, the City God (城隍爺)

Spiritual Magistrate of the City

Chenghuang, the City God

城隍爺

Every walled city had its own City God — a spiritual magistrate mirroring the human official, judging disputes, escorting souls, and protecting walls and people. The office was usually filled by a historical official famed for justice.

  • Judge's tablet
  • The city wall and moat
  • The spiritual yamen court

Festival · Temple fairs vary by city

Tudi Gong, the Earth God (土地公 福德正神)

Guardian of Every Village

Tudi Gong, the Earth God

土地公 福德正神

The lowest-ranked and most numerous of all gods — there is a land god for every street, field and doorway. A kindly white-bearded elder with his staff and ingot, he is the first deity households thank and the last they abandon.

  • Golden staff
  • Yuanbao ingot
  • The tiny village shrine

Festival · 2nd day of the 2nd lunar month

Zao Jun, the Kitchen God (灶君 司命真君)

Recorder of the Household

Zao Jun, the Kitchen God

灶君 司命真君

The divine inspector who lives above the stove and records every word spoken in the house. On the 23rd of the last lunar month he ascends to report to heaven — families smear honey on his lips so his report will be sweet.

  • The hearth fire
  • Tablet of household records
  • Sweet offerings before his ascent

Festival · 23rd day of the 12th lunar month